GreenClips.118 04.21.99

HABITAT HOUSE USES CERTIFIED WOOD, OVE TECHNIQUES
A 1,040-square-foot Habitat for Humanity house in Beaverton, Oregon sponsored by the Certified Forest Products Council and talk-show host Oprah Winfrey is the first in the US to use certified forest products with advanced wood framing techniques. Without compromising structural integrity, the Optimum Value Engineering framing techniques developed by the National Association of Home Builders research lab reduce the amount of lumber required and, by increasing insulation area, improve thermal performance. The single largest efficiency gain of the OVE techniques comes from placing floor joists, wall studs, and roof rafters on 24-inch centers, rather than the 16-inch layout common in North America. The 24-inch layout also takes better advantage of the structural properties of other building components like plywood which is engineered for a 24-inch span. Further efficiency gains come from advanced techniques for partition backing, nail backing, and corners. The OVE techniques complied with the local building codes and have the active endorsement of the Washington County building department. - Understory, Winter 99, p 6, by Jeff X. Wartelle. [Full text: <http://www.greendesign.net/understory/winter99/index.html>] [More on the house: email <jeffx@certifiedwood.org>] [More on OVE: <http://www.nahbrc.org/path/tech/abstracts/designab1.html>]

ANALYZING WATER COSTS KEY TO CONSERVATION
Justifying water conservation measures beyond low-flow specs requires a systematic cost analysis that considers more than just water-use charges. To make a case for water-saving measures like waterless urinals and gray-water reuse, commercial building designers should also factor in system development charges and sewer-system charges. System development charges are one-time fees water utilities charge for each new water service; a new 4-inch meter and service to a large office building can run over $20,000. Water-use charges are based on meter size and on monthly and seasonal use. Sewer-system charges also depend on the amount of water used. But sewer charges, $3.12 per 100 cubic feet in Portland, Oregon for example, dwarf the city's water-use rates of $0.92 per 100 cubic feet. That makes Portland's total commercial water charge $4.04 per 100 cubic feet, with sewer charges 77 percent of the fee. Recognizing that billed water charges in this case are four times the  rate for actual water use can help make economic sense of water-saving measures. - Consulting-Specifying Engineer, Mar 99, p 65, by Jerry M. Yudelson and Steffen U. Brocks. [More on water costs: email Jerry Yudelson <jmy@glumac.com>]

TRANSIT VILLAGES COME TO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Developers in Los Angeles are building the area's first transit villages which cluster homes, stores, and social services around rail stations. Though transit villages already exist in the San Francisco Bay Area, Seattle, and elsewhere, they're still a novelty and a financial dare in car-crazy Southern California. Hollywood & Highland, a $385-million entertainment and shopping center in Hollywood, incorporates a Metro Rail station. And residents of Village Green, a 300-unit housing development in Sylmar, will by September be able to walk a few hundred feet from their front doors to a Metrolink station. "Everybody told me," recalls Village Green's builder Avi Brosh of Agoura Hills-based Braemar Urban Development, "'Who the hell wants to live next to train tracks?' I said, 'Gosh, that's the point, isn't it?'." Yet while several Bay Area transit developments combine housing with shops, clinics, and day-care centers, the Village Green project offers only housing. Urban planners and environmentalists see rail systems as engines for transforming neighborhoods into pedestrian-oriented places where people can perform most of their daily routines - shopping, going to work, seeing the doctor - on foot. - Los Angeles Times, 20 Apr 99, by Morris Newman.

SWEDISH SCHOOL USES ON-SITE WATER SYSTEM 
A new addition to Ostratornskolan designed by White Arkiteker collects rainwater for flushing toilets and ecologically treats wastewater on site. Though not a technical breakthrough, this school in Lund, Sweden shows that on-site water systems can be practical, affordable, and brought into mainstream use. Water for flushing toilets is collected on the roof and sent to a pair of 9-cubic-meter tanks in the cellar. The toilets have two compartments, one for urine and one for feces. Urine is flushed with 0.2 liters of water to another pair of 9-cubic-meter tanks buried underground. Feces are flushed with 4 liters of water to a device that separates solids  from liquid effluent. This black-water liquid is routed through a 100-square-meter root zone, a 0.8-meter-thick layer of earth on a watertight base, where vegetation and micro-organisms in the soil filter and purify it. The water then passes though a water cascade to oxygenate it and settles in a  man-made marsh for evaporation. A local farmer uses the urine and processed fecal compost as fertilizer. The system displaces 324,000 liters of clean water per year. It cost about $150,000 CAD, and its installation didn't delay  construction. - Advanced Buildings Newsletter, Feb 99, p 5, by Rich Janecky. [More on the system: email Karin Landstrom <karin.landstrom@white.se>]

SENSITIVE SITES: TO BUILD OR NOT TO BUILD?
Because much of the desirable land in the US and other developed countries is already taken, architects are designing homes for sites no one would have dreamed of building on 20 years ago. Designers increasingly face not only challenging soil conditions, but also ecologically sensitive sites with wetlands or rare indigenous wildlife and vegetation that require minimal impact on the terrain. Architect David Kriegel has limited runoff from the site of a house he's designed next to wetlands in North Haven, New York. A rush of fresh water from the site would affect area salinity levels, harming the wildlife and vegetation. "Sometimes I think architects should refuse to design homes for these fragile sites," says architect Gail Lindsey of Wake Forest, North Carolina. "But then I realize that at least when we are involved in these projects, it's in an educated and informed manner. As architects, we can make informed decisions and preserve what is there." Though less critical, the owners of a gently sloping Michigan site wanted their new home to respect and disturb as little as possible, so Wheeler Kearns Architects in Chicago mounted it on pilotis [piles]. "Raising the house," explains architect Mark Weber, " allows the existing topography to run underneath and leaves the watershed undisturbed." - Architectural Record, Apr 99, p 153, by Elaine Martin Petrowski.

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ABOUT THE PUBLISHER Architectural researcher and environmental consultant Chris Hammer of Sustainable Design Resources publishes GreenClips in San Francisco. Ms. Hammer helps planners, developers, building owners, designers, builders, and facility managers practice sustainable planning, development, building design, construction, and operation. GreenClips is written by Chris Hammer and James Richert.

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